The Comparison of Implementation of Education for Sustainable Development in Geography Classes in North-Rhine Westphalia and Iran

Cologne International Forum Innovative Tandem Collaboration: January 2023 - December 2023
Partner at University of Cologne: Prof. Dr. Alexandra Budke (Institute of Geography Education)
Abstract

This project focuses on the topic of education for sustainable development, which is essential for both countries, Iran and Germany, to solve central problems of the future.
From the very beginning of the promulgation of sustainable development (SD), it has been clear that education is the key to the new approach. Education for sustainable development (ESD) is practically a complex concept including all aspects, such as being aware of issues regarding sustainable development, having active participation in decision-making, and developing the knowledge, skills, concepts, and values towards empowering the citizens aimed at planning for a sustainable future. The importance of ESD is also highlighted in the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
This research aims to analyze and compare EDS implementation in the geography classes of Iran and Germany (North-Rhine Westphalia). In addition to the content analysis of textbooks and curricula, we will use quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the perspectives of teachers and students toward ESD. In this area, internationally relevant approaches and materials can be developed, which can also innovate school practice.
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            id => '0' (1 chars)
         DataProtection => array(1 item)
            powermail => array(1 item)
               disclaimer => array(2 items)
                  _value => 'Bitte beachten Sie bei der Verwendung von Kontaktformularen unsere Hinweise 
                     zum Datenschutz.' (92 chars)
                  en => 'Please pay attention to our data privacy statement.' (51 chars)
         styleVariant => '0' (1 chars)
         search => array(1 item)
            engine => array(1 item)
               cse => array(1 item)
                  refinement => '' (0 chars)
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      styles.content.loginform.recursive => '0' (1 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.showForgotPasswordLink => '0' (1 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.showForgotPassword => '0' (1 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.showPermaLogin => '0' (1 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.showLogoutFormAfterLogin => '0' (1 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.emailFrom => '' (0 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.emailFromName => '' (0 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.replyToEmail => '' (0 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.dateFormat => 'Y-m-d H:i' (9 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.email.layoutRootPath => '' (0 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.email.templateRootPath => 'EXT:felogin/Resources/Private/Email/Templates/' (46 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.email.partialRootPath => '' (0 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.email.templateName => 'PasswordRecovery' (16 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.redirectMode => '' (0 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.redirectFirstMethod => '0' (1 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.redirectPageLogin => '0' (1 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.redirectPageLoginError => '0' (1 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.redirectPageLogout => '0' (1 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.redirectDisable => '0' (1 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.forgotLinkHashValidTime => '12' (2 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.newPasswordMinLength => '6' (1 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.domains => '' (0 chars)
      styles.content.loginform.exposeNonexistentUserInForgotPasswordDialog => '0' (1 chars)
      styles.content.defaultHeaderType => '1' (1 chars)
      styles.content.shortcut.tables => 'tt_content' (10 chars)
      styles.content.allowTags => 'a, abbr, acronym, address, article, aside, b, bdo, big, blockquote, br, capt
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         ption, figure, font, footer, header, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, hr, i, img, ins
         , kbd, label, li, link, mark, meta, nav, ol, p, pre, q, s, samp, sdfield, se
         ction, small, span, strike, strong, style, sub, sup, table, thead, tbody, tf
         oot, td, th, tr, title, tt, u, ul, var' (418 chars)
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      styles.content.image.imageDecoding => '' (0 chars)
      styles.content.textmedia.maxW => '600' (3 chars)
      styles.content.textmedia.maxWInText => '300' (3 chars)
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      styles.content.textmedia.rowSpacing => '10' (2 chars)
      styles.content.textmedia.textMargin => '10' (2 chars)
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      styles.content.textmedia.borderWidth => '2' (1 chars)
      styles.content.textmedia.borderPadding => '0' (1 chars)
      styles.content.textmedia.linkWrap.width => '800m' (4 chars)
      styles.content.textmedia.linkWrap.height => '600m' (4 chars)
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      styles.content.textmedia.linkWrap.lightboxCssClass => 'lightbox' (8 chars)
      styles.content.textmedia.linkWrap.lightboxRelAttribute => 'lightbox[{field:uid}]' (21 chars)
      styles.content.links.extTarget => '_blank' (6 chars)
      styles.content.links.keep => 'path' (4 chars)
      styles.templates.templateRootPath => 'EXT:uzk2025/Resources/Private/Templates/Overrides' (49 chars)
      styles.templates.partialRootPath => 'EXT:uzk2025/Resources/Private/Partials/Overrides' (48 chars)
      styles.templates.layoutRootPath => 'EXT:uzk2025/Resources/Private/Layouts/Overrides' (47 chars)
      plugin.tx_felogin_login.view.templateRootPath => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_felogin_login.view.partialRootPath => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_felogin_login.view.layoutRootPath => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.rss.channel.title => 'Aktuelle Meldungen' (18 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.rss.channel.description => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.rss.channel.link => '/' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.rss.channel.language => 'en-gb' (5 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.rss.channel.copyright => 'Uni Köln' (8 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.rss.channel.category => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.rss.channel.generator => 'TYPO3 EXT:news' (14 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.rss.channel.typeNum => '9818' (4 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.rss.channel.ttl => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.opengraph.site_name => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.opengraph.twitter.card => 'summary' (7 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.opengraph.twitter.site => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.opengraph.twitter.creator => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.view.templateRootPath => 'EXT:uzk2025/Resources/Private/Extensions/News/v12/Templates/' (60 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.view.partialRootPath => 'EXT:uzk2025/Resources/Private/Extensions/News/v12/Partials/' (59 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.view.layoutRootPath => 'EXT:uzk2025/Resources/Private/Extensions/News/v12/Layouts/' (58 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.settings.cssFile => 'EXT:news/Resources/Public/Css/news-basic.css' (44 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.settings.sitemap.startingpoint => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.settings.sitemap.detailPid => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.settings.sitemap.recursive => '0' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.settings.sitemap.limit => '1000' (4 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.settings.sitemap.typeNumber => '1426844832' (10 chars)
      plugin.tx_news.settings.cropMaxCharacters => '10' (2 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.view.templateRootPath => 'EXT:uzk2025/Resources/Private/Extensions/Powermail/v12/Templates/' (65 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.view.partialRootPath => 'EXT:uzk2025/Resources/Private/Extensions/Powermail/v12/Partials/' (64 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.view.layoutRootPath => 'EXT:uzk2025/Resources/Private/Extensions/Powermail/v12/Layouts/' (63 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.main.pid => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.main.form => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.main.confirmation => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.main.optin => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.main.moresteps => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.validation.native => '1' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.validation.client => '1' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.validation.server => '1' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.receiver.enable => '1' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.receiver.attachment => '1' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.receiver.mailformat => 'both' (4 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.receiver.default.senderName => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.receiver.default.senderEmail => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.receiver.overwrite.email => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.receiver.overwrite.name => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.receiver.overwrite.senderName => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.receiver.overwrite.senderEmail => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.receiver.overwrite.subject => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.receiver.overwrite.cc => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.receiver.overwrite.bcc => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.receiver.overwrite.returnPath => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.receiver.overwrite.replyToEmail => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.receiver.overwrite.replyToName => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.receiver.overwrite.priority => '3' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.receiver.senderHeader.email => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.receiver.senderHeader.name => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.enable => '1' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.attachment => '0' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.mailformat => 'both' (4 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.addDisclaimerLink => '1' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.default.senderName => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.default.senderEmail => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.overwrite.email => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.overwrite.name => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.overwrite.senderName => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.overwrite.senderEmail => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.overwrite.subject => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.overwrite.cc => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.overwrite.bcc => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.overwrite.returnPath => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.overwrite.replyToEmail => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.overwrite.replyToName => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.overwrite.priority => '3' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.senderHeader.email => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.sender.senderHeader.name => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.db.enable => '1' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.db.hidden => '0' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.marketing.enable => '0' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.marketing.google_conversion_id => '1234567890' (10 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.marketing.google_conversion_label => 'abcdefghijklmnopqrs' (19 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.marketing.google_conversion_language => 'en' (2 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.misc.htmlForHtmlFields => '0' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.misc.htmlForLabels => '0' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.misc.showOnlyFilledValues => '1' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.misc.ajaxSubmit => '0' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.misc.addQueryString => '0' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.misc.uploadFolder => 'uploads/tx_powermail/' (21 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.misc.uploadSize => '10485760' (8 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.misc.uploadFileExtensions => 'jpg,jpeg,gif,png,tif,txt,doc,docx,xls,xlsx,ppt,pptx,pdf,mpg,mpeg,avi,mp3,zip
         ,rar,ace,csv,svg' (92 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.misc.randomizeFileName => '1' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.misc.randomizePrependOriginalFileName => '0' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.misc.debugSettings => '0' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.misc.debugVariables => '0' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.misc.debugMail => '0' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.misc.debugSaveToTable => '0' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.misc.debugSpamshield => '0' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.spamshield.enable => '0' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.spamshield.factor => '75' (2 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.spamshield.email => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.spamshield.senderEmail => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.spamshield.emailSubject => 'Spam in powermail form recognized' (33 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.spamshield.emailTemplate => 'EXT:powermail/Resources/Private/Templates/Mail/SpamNotification.html' (68 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.spamshield.logfileLocation => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.spamshield.logTemplate => 'EXT:powermail/Resources/Private/Templates/Log/SpamNotification.html' (67 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.captcha.image => 'EXT:powermail/Resources/Private/Image/captcha_bg.png' (52 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.captcha.font => 'EXT:powermail/Resources/Private/Fonts/Segment16cBold.ttf' (56 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.captcha.textColor => '#111111' (7 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.captcha.textSize => '32' (2 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.captcha.textAngle => '-3,3' (4 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.captcha.distanceHor => '10,60' (5 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.captcha.distanceVer => '40,41' (5 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.framework.numberOfColumns => '0' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.framework.rowClasses => 'row' (3 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.framework.formClasses => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.framework.fieldAndLabelWrappingClasses => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.framework.fieldWrappingClasses => 'powermail_field' (15 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.framework.labelClasses => 'powermail_label' (15 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.framework.fieldClasses => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.framework.offsetClasses => '' (0 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.framework.radioClasses => 'radio' (5 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.framework.checkClasses => 'checkbox' (8 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.framework.submitClasses => 'powermail_submit' (16 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.framework.createClasses => 'powermail_create' (16 chars)
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      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.bootstrap.addBootstrap => '0' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.bootstrap.bootstrapPath => 'EXT:powermail/Resources/Public/Css/Bootstrap.css' (48 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.bootstrap.numberOfColumns => '2' (1 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.bootstrap.rowClasses => 'row' (3 chars)
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      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.bootstrap.fieldWrappingClasses => 'col-sm-10' (9 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.bootstrap.labelClasses => 'control-label col-sm-2' (22 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.bootstrap.fieldClasses => 'form-control' (12 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.bootstrap.offsetClasses => 'col-sm-offset-2' (15 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.bootstrap.radioClasses => 'radio' (5 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.bootstrap.checkClasses => 'checkbox' (8 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.bootstrap.submitClasses => 'btn btn-primary' (15 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.styles.bootstrap.createClasses => 'powermail_create' (16 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.BasicCss => 'EXT:powermail/Resources/Public/Css/Basic.css' (44 chars)
      plugin.tx_powermail.settings.javascript.addJQueryFromGoogle => '0' (1 chars)
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      plugin.tx_ttaddress.view.partialRootPath => 'EXT:uzk2025/Resources/Private/Extensions/Tt_address/v9/Partials/' (64 chars)
      plugin.tx_ttaddress.view.layoutRootPath => 'EXT:uzk2025/Resources/Private/Extensions/Tt_address/v9/Layouts/' (63 chars)
      plugin.tx_jhopengraphprotocol.image => 'EXT:uzk2025/Resources/Public/img/logo/UzK_Logo.png' (50 chars)
      redirects.redirectTTL => '30' (2 chars)
      UZK.ORG1.main => 'Universität zu Köln' (19 chars)
      UZK.ORG1.main.en => 'University of Cologne' (21 chars)
      UZK.ORG1.main.es => 'Universidad de Colognia' (23 chars)
      UZK.ORG1.main.link => 'https://uni-koeln.de' (20 chars)
      UZK.ORG1.main.link.en => 'https://uni-koeln.de/en/' (24 chars)
      UZK.ORG1.showlogo => '1' (1 chars)
      UZK.ORG2.main => 'Cologne International Forum' (27 chars)
      UZK.ORG2.main.link => 'https://cif.uni-koeln.de' (24 chars)
      UZK.ORG2.main.link.en => 'https://cif.uni-koeln.de' (24 chars)
      UZK.ORG2.main.en => 'Cologne International Forum' (27 chars)
      UZK.ORG2.main.en.link => '/' (1 chars)
      UZK.ORG2.extra => 'Fakultät' (8 chars)
      UZK.ORG2.extra.infront => '0' (1 chars)
      UZK.ORG2.extra.infront.en => '1' (1 chars)
      UZK.ORG2.extra.en => 'Faculty of' (10 chars)
      UZK.ORG2.showlogo => '1' (1 chars)
      UZK.subLogo.file => '' (0 chars)
      UZK.styleVariant => '0' (1 chars)
      UZK.ORG3.extra => '' (0 chars)
      UZK.ORG3.extra.en => '' (0 chars)
      UZK.ORG3.extra.infront => '0' (1 chars)
      UZK.ORG3.main => '' (0 chars)
      UZK.ORG3.main.en => '' (0 chars)
      UZK.ORG3.main.link => '' (0 chars)
      UZK.ORG3.main.link.en => '' (0 chars)
      UZK.nextLevelMenu.startLevel => '3' (1 chars)
      UZK.CE.sectionStarter => 'uzksection,uzkaudience,uzkiconteaser,uzklifecycle,uzkstudyfinder' (64 chars)
      UZK.CE.limitedWidth => 'text,image,textpic,header,bullets,uzkaccordion,div' (50 chars)
      UZK.CE.articleWidth => 'news_newsdetail,uzkyoutube,uzkopencast,uzkvimeo' (47 chars)
      UZK.CE.noHeader => 'div,shortcut,uzkbutton,html,uzksection,uzkiconteaser,uzkblockquote,uzkaudien
         ce,uzklifecycle,uzkstudyfinder' (106 chars)
      UZK.siteinfo.pid => '21792' (5 chars)
      UZK.search.engine.url => '' (0 chars)
      UZK.search.engine.default-url => 'https://www.uni-koeln.de/google-suche' (37 chars)
      UZK.search.engine.cse.refinement => '' (0 chars)
      UZK.search.engine.cse.default-refinement => '' (0 chars)
      UZK.search.engine.cse.id => '' (0 chars)
      UZK.search.engine.cse.default-id => '003311958183833352640:c_osjgrddmg' (33 chars)
      UZK.search.engine.queryfield => 'q' (1 chars)
      UZK.matomo.id => '26362' (5 chars)
      UZK.studyfinder.discipline.de.gesellschafts-und-sozialwissenschaften => 'Gesellschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften' (39 chars)
      UZK.studyfinder.discipline.de.kunst-musik => 'Kunst, Musik' (12 chars)
      UZK.studyfinder.discipline.de.lehramt => 'Lehramt' (7 chars)
      UZK.studyfinder.discipline.de.mathematik-naturwissenschaften => 'Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaften' (43 chars)
      UZK.studyfinder.discipline.de.medizin-gesundheitswissenschaften => 'Medizin, Gesundheitswissenschaften' (34 chars)
      UZK.studyfinder.discipline.de.rechtswissenschaften => 'Rechtswissenschaften' (20 chars)
      UZK.studyfinder.discipline.de.sprach-und-kulturwissenschaften => 'Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaften' (32 chars)
      UZK.studyfinder.discipline.de.wirtschaftswissenschaften => 'Wirtschaftswissenschaften' (25 chars)
      UZK.studyfinder.discipline.en.gesellschafts-und-sozialwissenschaften => 'Humanities and Social Sciences' (30 chars)
      UZK.studyfinder.discipline.en.kunst-musik => 'Art, Music' (10 chars)
      UZK.studyfinder.discipline.en.lehramt => 'Teaching Degrees' (16 chars)
      UZK.studyfinder.discipline.en.mathematik-naturwissenschaften => 'Mathematics, Computer Science, Natural Sciences' (47 chars)
      UZK.studyfinder.discipline.en.medizin-gesundheitswissenschaften => 'Medicine, Health Sciences' (25 chars)
      UZK.studyfinder.discipline.en.rechtswissenschaften => 'Law' (3 chars)
      UZK.studyfinder.discipline.en.sprach-und-kulturwissenschaften => 'Language and Cultural Studies' (29 chars)
      UZK.studyfinder.discipline.en.wirtschaftswissenschaften => 'Economic Sciences' (17 chars)
      UZK.studyfinder.url.de => 'https://studieninteressierte.uni-koeln.de/studienangebot/index_ger.html' (71 chars)
      UZK.studyfinder.url.en => 'https://studieninteressierte.uni-koeln.de/range_of_courses/index_eng.html' (73 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.adressen => 'adresse' (7 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.pfeil_unten => 'arrow-downward' (14 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.pfeil => 'arrow-right' (11 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.pfeil_mehr => 'arrow-right' (11 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.pfeil_hoch => 'arrow-upward' (12 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.ausklappen => 'aufklappen' (10 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.hamburger => 'aufklappen' (10 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.cal_jahr => 'calendar' (8 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.cal_monat => 'calendar-day' (12 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.cal_tag => 'calendar-month' (14 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.cal_woche => 'calendar-week' (13 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.ok => 'check' (5 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.slider_pfeil => 'chevron-right' (13 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.slider_pfeil_gross => 'chevron-right' (13 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.slider_pfeil_klein => 'chevron-right' (13 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.trenner_breadcrumb => 'chevron-right' (13 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.contact => 'contact-mail' (12 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.schliessen => 'cross' (5 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.file_doc => 'document-doc' (12 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.file-fallback => 'document-edit' (13 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.file_ics => 'document-ics' (12 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.file_jpg => 'document-jpg' (12 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.file_pdf => 'document-pdf' (12 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.file_xls => 'document-xls' (12 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.file_zip => 'document-zip' (12 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.fb => 'facebook' (8 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.ffd => 'fast-forward' (12 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.rwd => 'fast-rewind' (11 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.sprachwahl => 'globe' (5 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.lupe => 'lens' (4 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.slider_stop => 'pause' (5 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.slider_play => 'play' (4 chars)
      UZK.iconAlternatives.einkauf => 'shopping-cart' (13 chars)
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Final Report: Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in Geography Classes: A Comparative Study Between Iran and North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Duration: 1 January 2023 – 31 December 2023
Participants: Dr. Somayeh Khademi & Prof. Dr. Alexandra Budke

Key Findings
This multi-phase comparative study examines how Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is integrated into geography classes in Iran and North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany. Findings from teacher interviews show that educational system structures (centralized vs. decentralized), textbook content, and teacher training significantly shape the effectiveness of ESD implementation. Differences in language, academic background, and in-service training influence teachers’ understanding of ESD concepts. The study also highlights the political dimension of curricula and textbooks, suggesting they act as tools that can either support or constrain sustainable education. Early insights from student surveys reveal varying levels of awareness, willingness to act, and perceptions of responsibility toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Methodology

The research is divided into three phases:
Phase 1 – Teacher Interviews: 15 geography teachers from Iran and NRW participated in qualitative interviews exploring their experiences, challenges, and strategies in implementing ESD.
Phase 2 – Curriculum and Textbook Analysis: Using data from Phase 1, the project analyzes curricula and textbooks to evaluate how political and educational frameworks influence the inclusion of sustainable development content.
Phase 3 – Student Perspectives: Ongoing surveys assess students’ understanding of ESD topics, their identification of solutions, and their perceived roles in promoting sustainability.
Each phase addresses specific research questions and builds on the findings of the previous stage to create a comprehensive comparative picture.
Outputs & Continuing Research
Paper 1 (under review): Challenges and Solutions to Implementing Education for Sustainable Development in Geography Classes: An International Comparison of Geography Teachers’ Perceptions (Germany-NRW and Iran).
Paper 2 (in progress): How Do Teachers Understand Education for Sustainable Development? A Comparative Analysis from Germany and Iran.
Ongoing study: Textbooks as Political Tools: A Comparative Study of Education for Sustainable Development in Iran and Germany (data analysis stage).
Ongoing study: Who Is Responsible for Leading the Way to Sustainable Development? Students’ Attitudes Towards Challenges and Responsibilities on the Way to Sustainable Development (data gathering stage).
Future plans include completing data analysis for curriculum and textbook comparisons, finalizing student perspective research, and disseminating results through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, and educational policy recommendations.
Dr. Somayeh Khademi

Dr. Khademi has a background as a school teacher in secondary schools in Iran, where she taught social sciences (Geography, History, Sociology) and Mathematics. She completed her Ph.D. in Geography and Urban Planning at Kharazmi University of Tehran in 2020. Her Ph.D. dissertation was on The explanation of the impact of social sustainability on neighborhood development in the process of city expansion. From 2015, she was a visiting lecturer at the Department of Urbanism at Payame Noor University (PNU), Shiraz.
Quicklinks

The Comparison of Implementation of Education for Sustainable Development in Geography Classes in North-Rhine Westphalia and Iran

Abstract

Final Report: Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in Geography Classes: A Comparative Study Between Iran and North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Dr. Somayeh Khademi

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